Islamic Studies

MARTYRDOM

The tenth of Muharram is observed by many as the day of Shahaadat-e-Husain . Special gatherings are held wherein the heart-rending incident of the martyrdom of Sayyidina Husain (RA) is mentioned. This aspect is discussed in this article.

To lay down one's life for the cause of Deen is the ultimate sacrifice. Hence being the ultimate sacrifice, martyrdom naturally has the highest honour as well. Allaah Ta'ala describes the martyrs as "living" in the verse: "And say not to those who have been slain in the Path of Allah that they are dead. Nay, they are alive and receive sustenance by their Master." (S.3 V.169 )

Martyrdom is nothing strange or uncommon to Muslims. The flourishing garden of Islaam has been watered by the blood of the martyrs from the very early days of Islaam. Among those great sons of Islaam, who crowned their life-long efforts for the sake of Deen by finally laying down their lives was Ali ibn Hussain the noble grandson of Rasulullah . His martyrdom was indeed heart-rending in the extreme.

HUSAIN IBN ALI

It was on the tenth of Muharram that Husain ibn Ali was mercilessly martyred. Before his very eyes scores of his immediate family also tasted from the cup of martyrdom. Finally he joined them. The various details of this tragic incident are too gruesome to comprehend. One could cry tears of blood.
However, the pages of our history are filled with the blood of the martyrs. How it that we have remembered the tenth of Muharram but are totally unaware of the heart-rending martyrdom of many other great personalities of Islaam. Did we know that on the first of Muharram the second Caliph of Rasulullah was also mercilessly martyred.

UMAR FAROOQ

While leading the Fajr Salaah, Umar was stabbed six times by a fire-worshipper. He fell to the ground unable to continue with the Salaah. Abdur Rahman bin Auf then lead the Salaah and completed it. Umar was then carried to his house. The wounds however proved fatal and on the first of Muharram he bade farewell to this temporary world.
The Muslims were shattered upon the martyrdom of Umar . We also feel the grief of that fateful day. However we have never heard of anybody observing the day of Shahadat-e-Umar

USMAN GHANI

Likewise the third Caliph of Islaam, the son in-law of Rasulullah ; Usman was also brutally martyred. When the enemy besieged his house, for days he was unable to even get any water from the well which he had purchased and gifted to everybody to use at liberty. On Friday the eighteenth of Zil Hijjah, the enemy finally broke into his home. When Usman was at that time reciting the Holy Qur'ân. However no mercy was shown to him and his blood was spilt onto the pages of the Book of Allaah. He also joined his predecessors in Jannah. This incident can also make one shed tears of blood. But we have never heard of anybody observing the day of Shahadat-e-Usmaan

HAMZA

Rasulullah also witnessed some heart-rending martyrdoms. His beloved uncle, Hamza was martyred in the battle of Uhud. After he was martyred, his body was defiled and severely mutilated. His ears and nose were cut off. The body of the beloved uncle of Rasulullah was then ripped open and his liver removed. This was then taken away to be chewed. Rasulullah was greatly disturbed and grieved over this. So great was his grief that when the killer of Hamza accepted Islaam, Rasulullah requested him not to come in front of him as this would remind him of his uncle and bring back the grief. However, Rasulullah did not observe any day as the day of Shahadat-e-Hamza

BIR-MA'OONA

The battle of Bir Ma'oona is yet another incident of the great Sahaaba laying down their lives for the cause of Deen. Rasulullah was requested to send some of his companions to teach the people of Najd .Upon this request Rasulullah sent seventy people who were all Huffaaz and qurra (plural of Qari). On the way they were attacked and almost all were martyred. Rasulullah was once again greatly grieved and for one month in the Fajr Salaah cursed these people who had deceived and martyred his beloved companions so mercilessly. Here also Prophet Muhammad observed no day as the day of their martyrdom.

WHAT ABOUT THE REST

Indeed our hearts bleed when we recount the incident of the Martyrdom of Husain . We also experience the grief when we recount the Martyrdoms of Umar,Usman and Hamza. Likewise we are greatly pained when we read or hear of the martyrs of Bir Ma' oona; Uhud; Badr; Jamal, Siffeen and all the other battles. Nevertheless, despite our grief, we will refrain from all things alien to the Shariah. Let us consider that if we observe the day of the martyrdom of Hussain , then what about the rest? In that case almost every day of the year would be spent mourning.

TENTH OF MUHARRAM

It is therefore absolutely clear that the tenth of Muharram is not a day to observe as the martyrdom of Hussain . It's significance lies solely in what has been explained in the Ahaadeeth. Ibn Abbaas narrates that Rasulullah came to Madina and found the Jews fasted on that day of Aashooraa. Hence he enquired of them, 'What is the significance of this day on which you fast?' They replied: 'This is a great day. On this day Allah Ta'ala saved Moosa (AS) and his people and drowned Firoun and his nation. Thus Moosa (AS) fasted on this day as a token of thanksgiving, therefore we also fast on this day.' Rasulullah remarked, 'We are more worthy of Moosa (AS) and closer to him than you. ' Thereafter Rasulullah fasted on this day and ordered his companions to do the same. (Sahih Muslim vol. 1 pg.359)

LESSON FROM THE LIVES OF THE MARTYRS

It is therefore clear that the day of Aashooraa is not a day of mourning. Indeed, our hearts bleed when we recall the martyrdom of Hussain. It also bleeds when we hear of the martyrdom of the other great personalities of Islaam. However we have not been taught to perpetually mourn.
Yes. we have been taught to take a lesson from the lives of the martyrs. Just as these great personalities selflessly sacrificed their lives for the up-liftment of Deen, likewise we should also be prepared to make sacrifices for the protection and spreading of the Deen.

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